The CNC router spindle is an important component of the woodworking engraving machine. The quality of the CNC router spindle directly affects the processing speed and accuracy of the wood engraving machine. Therefore, a good woodworking CNC router will be equipped with a high-performance CNC router spindle to give full play to its value.
Whether you are an old user of a wood engraving machine or a beginner, if you want to use the wood engraving machine better, it is far from enough to know the types and functions of the CNC router machine. Learning about the CNC router kit is also a necessary skill for us. In the previous blog, we also wrote about the choice of a CNC router kit. It mainly explained the types of common CNC router kits and their respective roles and functions for woodworking engraving machines. And follow-up we also talked about the complete guild of the CNC router controller.
This article will focus on the CNC router spindle from the function introduction and choice of the CNC router spindle. Let us explore the mystery of the CNC router spindle.
What is the CNC router spindle?
The CNC router spindle is also called the high-speed spindle. It is a kind of spindle that can be processed at a high speed. It is widely used in some numerical control equipment to realize high-speed engraving, drilling, milling, and cutting processes. The industries involved include furniture, decoration, handicrafts, stone carving, advertising, etc. The CNC router machine must be equipped with a high-performance CNC router spindle in order to play its role.
Common types of the CNC router spindle
According to the power of the CNC router spindle, the CNC spindle can be divided into a fine machining spindle and a high-power cutting spindle.
The fine machining spindle is characterized by low noise, high speed, and high precision. This type of spindle is usually a high-speed variable frequency motor spindle with relatively small power, generally below 250W. Therefore, this type of CNC router is suitable for processing particularly delicate workpieces, such as seals, nameplates, badges, and gifts. Users need to pay attention to that this type of CNC router spindle has the poor cutting ability when processing thicker materials and is not suitable for cutting thicker materials.
A high-power cutting spindle is characterized by high power and strong cutting ability. And it is mainly used for high-power engraving, especially suitable for cutting fonts and three-dimensional characters. Of course, it can also be used to make breastplates, nameplates, seals, etc.
According to the different cooling methods of the spindle, the CNC router spindle can also be divided into the air-cooled spindle and water-cooled spindle.
The water-cooled spindle, as the name implies, uses water circulation to cool the heat generated by the high-speed rotation of the spindle. This kind of spindle has the advantages of high machining accuracy, good cooling effect, long service life, and low noise. However, because the water-cooled spindle needs to be connected to a water pump, a bucket is needed to hold water and a water pipe needs to be connected, so there is no air-cooled spindle in operation. Especially in the cold winter in the north, it is more likely to freeze. Therefore, users need to consider this issue when choosing this type of CNC router spindle.
The air-cooled spindle adopts a fan on the machine to cool down without connecting to water pumps and other equipment. Therefore, this type of spindle has the advantages of the low purchase cost and maintenance cost, simple and convenient operation, and not affected by the surrounding environment and temperature. However, this type of CNC router spindle is inferior to the water-cooled spindle in terms of cooling effect, processing accuracy, noise, and service life.
Top 3 considerations for users to choose the CNC router spindle
The CNC router spindle power selected for different processing effects such as embossing, hollowing, cutting, and lettering is different. If the processing requirement is a high speed and the tool bit is very deep, choose a larger power as a guarantee. If it is just a simple relief, a low-power spindle can meet the processing needs.
The following figure shows the recommended spindle power of different types of engraving machines:
| CNC router types | Recommended power |
| Advertising CNC router | 1.5kw-3.0kw |
| Woodworking CNC router | 2.2kw-4.5kw |
| Stone CNC router | 4.5kw-7.5kw |
| Tombstone CNC router | 3.0kw-4.5kw |
| Jade CNC router | 2.2kw-3.0kw |
Too much spindle power not only wastes electric energy but also increases the purchase cost. If the power is too small, the engraving power demand will not be available. Therefore, it is very important to choose a suitable spindle motor power.
Material. The CNC router spindle is selected according to the hardness of the processed material. The main reference is whether it is possible to cut harder materials at high speed. Some spindle motors can only cut harder materials at a very low speed, otherwise, the performance of the spindle motor will be severely lost, which will affect the accuracy of the spindle motor after a period of time.
Cooling method. According to the power consumption of the spindle and the length of engraving time, choose an air-cooled spindle or water-cooled spindle. Overheating will easily cause deformation and affect service life. In addition, the user’s budget and processing environment also affect the choice of the cooling method of the CNC router spindle.
3 factors for judging the CNC spindle quality
Whether the spindle motor uses high-precision bearings? If high-precision bearings are not used, the performance is that the spindle motor will overheat after long-term high-speed rotation, which will affect the service life of the spindle motor.
Whether the sound is uniform and harmonious when rotating at different speeds, especially at high speeds.
Whether the spindle is under radial force. The main reference is whether to cut harder materials at high speed. Some spindles can only cut harder materials at very low speeds, otherwise, the spindle performance will be severely lost, which will affect the spindle accuracy after a period of time or even malfunction.
6 common problems and solutions for the use of CNC router spindles
Problem 1: The spindle does not run after starting up
In this case, the reason may be that the plug on the spindle is not connected well or the wire inside the plug is not in good contact. We need to check if there is a problem with the wiring. Or check whether the invert has a signal or whether the invert parameter settings are correct. Or the stator coil of the spindle hardware has been burned out, and the coil needs to be returned to the factory for repair and replacement.
Problem 2: The spindle stops rotating after a few seconds of start-up
The reason for this situation may be that the start-up time is too short. Properly extend the acceleration time before the spindle works, and start carving after reaching the running speed. It is also possible that the current protection is caused by the lack of phase of the spindle, which requires us to check whether the connection of the spindle motor is correct. In addition, if water enters the main shaft or insufficient water cooling, it is easy to cause hardware failures and needs to be returned for repair.
Problem 3: The spindle shell is hot or smoking for a period of time
In this case, we must first check whether the water circulation pipe is unobstructed, and check whether the setting parameters of the invert are correct, and reset the invert. If there is nothing wrong with these two items, it is possible that the invert has no output voltage and the frequency is different from the rated voltage and frequency on the spindle nameplate. We need to check the reference frequency of the invert.
Problem 4: The nut is loose when the spindle starts
In this case, we need to check whether the rotation direction of the spindle is wrong. If it is wrong, change the rotation direction according to the mark on the spindle nameplate.
Problem 5: The spindle is noisy or the spindle vibrates
Basically, these problems are hardware problems. The bearing is worn out and the spindle has a big jump, and it needs to be returned to the factory to replace the bearing or replace the new spindle.
Problem 6: There is no problem with normal operation, the nut is loose when the machine is stopped
If the downtime is too short, extend the downtime appropriately.
The above are some of the faults and solutions that often occur in the spindle. If there are other faults, it is best to contact us. Blue elephant have a professional after-sales service team to answer various after-sales questions for you.
The popular CNC router spindle recommendations
First of all, it is worth mentioning that the CNC router spindle manufacturers that Blue Elephant cooperates with are all regular large-brand manufacturers at home and abroad. Regardless of the quality of the CNC router spindle or the after-sales service, there is a relatively complete processing plan and service system. The following are some recommendations for woodworking engraving machine brands that are more popular among users. I hope it will help you to choose the CNC router spindle.
Changsheng spindle
The Changsheng spindle is always famous for its stable quality and high-cost performance. The high-speed, high-precision and step-less speed change of the electric spindle is more conducive to improving the quality of the machine tool, so it is widely used in turning, grinding, drilling, milling, and other machine tools.
HQD air-cooled spindle
HQD air-cooling spindle, which adopts a high-quality aluminum profile to guarantee the long service life of the CNC machine. In addition, the spindle adopts ceramic ball bearings, which ensures a high speed and high processing accuracy of the spindle. And adopting fan cooling, and it can be used without connecting the water tank, water pipe, and water pump directly to the inverter. Therefore, it has the advantages of low cost, convenient use, and simple operation.
HSD air-cooled spindle
HSD water cooling spindle, this cooling method has the advantages of good cooling effect, low noise, long service life, and high accuracy. And each component used on the HSD spindle has undergone strict inspection and has a high quality, so it also guarantees a high processing accuracy.
Hiteco water cooling ATC spindle
This is the Italian Hiteco tool changer spindle. This type of spindle not only has the advantages of low noise, good cooling effect, high precision, and long service life. At the same time, it also has the advantages of good tool change spindle quality, high precision, strong adaptability, and high processing effect, which can meet the requirements of various precision machining.
Shuntong spindle
This is an economical spindle. It can meet the basic processing needs of users without high purchase costs and maintenance costs. However, in terms of spindle life and machining accuracy, it is temporarily unable to satisfy demanding users.
Conclusion:
The above is a series of related knowledge about the CNC router spindle given by our Blue Elephant. It involves the type of CNC router spindle, how to choose a CNC router spindle, and even the solutions in the process of using the CNC router spindle. Therefore, whether you are a new user in the woodworking industry or a manufacturer, this article is definitely helpful to you.
If you want to know about the CNC router kit, you’d better to read this article named Choice of CNC Router Kit_You Need To Know.
And if you want to know about the CNC router controller, this article named Free CNC Router Controller Complete Guide will be helpful to you.
And we will update the other CNC router kit knowledge. Please tell me what you want to know about the CNC router kit. Or leave me a message about what you want to know about the CNC router or CNC router kits such as the CNC router controller, CNC router motor, CNC router spindle, CNC router table, or other CNC router kits.
Follow me to know more about the CNC router！